Womans Issues in Cambodia free essay sample

Name: O. Pvisoth Womens Issues In Cambodia previously, lady appears to have a lot of separation from the general public. Ladies can't do all that they need. The things they can do are, doing housework, taking care of the youngsters, and cooking. They are not permitted to work outside like men even the capacity to acknowledge information; they have no change to get it since school didn’t give instruction to ladies. These days, ladies still don’t have equivalent right in some creating nations, for example, the uniformity of working pay, household fierce that put press on ladies . and so on. Those are the issues that the ladies need to actuality. In womans position as the gentler and more fragile portion of the human family been insistently and for the most part addressed. Men expected this was womans place; lady herself acknowledged it. It only occasionally became obvious anybody to ask whether she would continue possessing it until the end of time. Upon the unimportant surface of womans sorted out fights there were no signs that she was covetous of accomplishing a major change in her position. She guaranteed the privilege of testimonial and administrative guideline of her working hours, and asked that her property rights be equivalent to those of the man. None of these requests, in any case, influenced straightforwardly the most fundamental components of her reality. Regardless of whether she won her point or neglected to win it, she stayed a commanded weakling in a general public constrained by men. Why ladies despite everything stand with those horrible circumstance and does discover the law to ensure? Under are the portrayals of women’s trouble which was met about what they are confronted each day. The main interviewee is Miss Phaly, age 25 years of age, was conceived at Banteay Mean Chey area. She emigrated from her country to work in an industrial facility in the city called â€Å"Cambodia Bolan_Hometextile @citylink. com. kh†. The plant address is #25-26, st 339, Sangkat Beong Kok 1, Khan Toul Kok, Phnom Penh. The quantity of the laborers in the plant is 190 people. She said she can gain 85$-95$ a month incorporate the extra time. She included her significant other is a Tok cabbie that can procure 10$ to 15$ per day. She has two youngsters and the simple of her living is never truth the trouble particularly monetary issue yet interestingly, her better half consistently hit her ordinary on account of his envy toward his significant other with other men. Her better half never at any point permits her to make the relationship with other men regardless of whether her collaborate. Without fail if an outsider or her neighbor calls her, her significant other will hit her and charge her that she is a yank. The subsequent interviewee is Miss Minea, age 32 years of age is an industrial facility female laborer as her companion Phaly. She can acquire 60$ every month and 85$ to 95$ for her work extra time. Her significant other is a moto taxi. She leases a house with her coworker. Her better half like playing card and at some point he doesn’t work however sit and play card. Each time when he loses, he generally accuses his significant other and feels like hit the rooftop to his relatives. The third is, Sok Phal is a female assembly line laborer, age 22 years of age and her better half is 30 years of age. She works in a processing plant which is called â€Å"8 star sportwear, ltd†. The factory’s address is Sangkat Phum Russey, Steong Mean Chey area, Phnom Penh. She acquires 90$ every month after the installment of water administration, power, house, and food flexibly in her day by day life which cost absolutely 70$ every month. Her better half is a structure specialist that can procure just 3$ per day but since of his missing from work so he can gain perhaps just 60$ every month. In view of his smoking and drinking so he squander his cash paying on them 40$ per month. Sok Phal has two kids. One is a child and other is a little girl. Consistently Sok Phal has mother to take care of her kids. Her better half consistently alcoholic and make the household fierce in the family. At some point he hits his youngsters and her seriously. Sok Phol never lives joyfully in her family. The fourth is Neang nary is a female assembly line laborer, age 21 years of age. She is a solitary. She has 8 relatives. They are her dad, age 72 years of age, her mom, age 63 years of age, and her 6 siblings and sisters who live under her help. Her country is Kom Pot territory. She is one of the worker at WOOSU CNC (CAMBODIA) Co, LTD. Factory’s address is on the MAYDA st, Trapang Romcheik Village, Sangkat Chom Chao, Khan Dang Kov, Phnom Penh. Nary get 50$ every month for her pay and incorporate her extra time so absolutely she can win 80$ every month. She pays 60$ for her day by day food flexibly, house, power and water administration with other 30$ remain, she sent it to her mom at the country. It is bar the installment of garments and wellbeing administration or clinical help. Due to the world monetary breakdown, she truly stresses over her work each day her worried is that the production line will quit working one day. Household savage never happen in her family. The last interviewee is Keang Leakna originates from Kom Pong Chnang territory. She is a solitary, age 22 years of age. She has been working in an industrial facility for a long time and she got 45$ every month barred extra time however now she can gain 55$ without it. Besides, on the off chance that she work extra time, she can win 80$ to 90$ every month. She lives in a leased house with her other 5 companions who are her coworker. Consistently she imparts to her companion 8. 5$ for the lease cost and her installment on food consistently is 1500R to 2000R every day. From her working pay, she can manage the cost of it to get the cash to her mom her country at any rate 20$ to 30$ every month. These days, she realities the budgetary issue since she can procure not exactly previously. Due to she is poor so she surrendered study and chose to go to work since she needs to help her other 6 family members in her family who needs to concentrate each day. In the event that she got a family and got residential vicious, she would represent it however on the off potential for success that she couldn’t have for it any longer, she would discover the expert for help. The aftereffects of the meetings are shown effectively about the women’s issues. The greater part of them confronted residential fierce and financial issue. Indeed, even now, we have the laws to shield ladies from local vicious and the equity of working compensation yet at the same time they are worked in the men’s shoes. The greater part of the ladies from country zone don’t know at about the law to ensure them and they empower to discover the administrators for help so they despite everything commanded from their significant other and the general public all in all. From my assessment, the administration ought to publicize more by a wide range of broad communications particularly in provincial zone about the way that the ladies can discover help and the laws to ensure them. Also, the administration should expand the working compensation for them to satisfy their day by day needs and to help their family. From my recommendations, ladies ought to have equivalent right as men and give more an incentive in the general public. This is the finish of the meeting

The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories

Hardboiled scholarly style in wrongdoing fiction composing is related with analyst stories. It is regularly recognized by the negative translation of sex and viciousness in the writing. Caroll John Daly is credited to be the pioneer of hardboiled wrongdoing fiction style writing in the mid 1920s with his â€Å"Knights of the Open Palm† distributed on June 1,1923 in Black Mask Magazine (Nolan, 273).Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hardboiled fiction composing was promoted by Dashiell Hammett with his character Sam Spade in The Maltese Falcon, throughout time in the late 1930s Raymond Chandler refined hardboiled composing through his Philip Marlowe in The Big Sheep ( Collins, 153 †154). This paper intends to outline the hardboiled characteristics and highlights of investigator stories in breaking down the three most prominent authorsâ€⠄¢ characters in their books to be specific Sam Spade of Dashiell Hammett’s The Maltese Falcon, Philip Marlowe of Raymond Chandler’s The Big Sheep and Kinsey Millhone of Sue Grafton’s A for Alibi. Dashiell Hammett began the hardboiled composing pattern in analyst stories through his character Sam Spade in his The Maltese Falcon tale. Hammett through his novel depicted Spade as somebody who has a cool separation to the circumstance he is in and with the individuals he is with. Spade, however he shows a few comparable highlights of different criminologists, for example, his sharp eye for subtleties and steady assurance to achieve equity, the character’s hardboiled characteristics is delineated in his narrow minded, harsh and scornful character. In The Maltese Falcon epic, Spade was having an unsanctioned romance with his accomplice Miles Archer’s spouse, a depiction of his opposing and conceited nature. His unapproachable character along with his coo l deadpan segregation from issues are shown upon the revelation of a few homicides to be specific that of Archer and Thursby in which Spade was seen as one of the suspects. He lets everybody, including the police, the crooks, and different characters in the novel accept that he is to be sure one of the law guilty parties while he resolutely takes a shot at fathoming the case all alone. In spite of the fact that Sam Spade’s character had the option to do the respectable thing toward the finish of the novel, his activities portray him as somebody who just does so in view of personal circumstance. Hammett never indicated his perusers the characters inward considerations in which information disclosed and done by the characters were at that point the elements that shape them along these lines Spade’s ethical quality was sketchy. In Spade’s case it was vague on the off chance that he truly shown the standard hardboiled normal for analysts who present vision underneat h their hard skeptical shells.Advertising Looking for exposition on writing dialects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Big Sheep was Raymond Chandler’s first novel in quite a while arrangement about the experiences of Philip Marlowe. Chandler’s character, Philip Marlowe is to be sure a genuine hardboiled character in which underneath his doubtful, hard drinking, extreme persona Marlowe is mindful and optimistic. His character’s delicate side is depicted in his happiness regarding basic joys, for example, the playing of chess and his adoration for verse. Marlowe’s pensive nature surfaces when he sets scores through different methods instead of savagery. In the novel, The Black Sheep a scene were Carmen Sherwood had a firearm and fired Joe Brody yet missed, Marlowe immediately reallocated the destructive weapon from Sternwood and advised her to return home, this was a presentation of Marloweâ€℠¢s avoidance from threatening vibe. He is cautious in considering things before saying something or position. As far as his ethical quality, Philip Marlow is better than average for he was harsh in staying away from the strategies and enticements achieved by the femmes fatale of the novel, Vivian and Carmen Sternwood. The two sisters attempted to tempt Marlowe for example when Vivian was spared by the investigator from an obvious robbing, he drove her to the sea shore coming about to her progressing towards him, while Carmen ended up trusting that Marlowe will show up home in his bed bare. In the two occasions Marlowe rejected the women headways. Dissimilar to the initial two books examined above, Sue Grafton’s lead character in her novel, A for Alibi, is a lady as Kinsey Millhone. Millhone fits the hardboiled characteristics and highlights required in analyst stories through her bereft nature created as a stranded kid, her extreme persona for her situation dealings and her o ptimism underneath her hard shell of criticism which is gradually uncovered in her experiences with relatives. Grafton’s Kinsey Millhone is critical in the hardboiled criminologist world since sexual orientation equity is delineated in the novel. The thought of uniformity among people is being attached here in that what other male hero can do, Millhone, a female lead can likewise do. In spite of the fact that the character of Grafton’s character had been acclimated to fit that of a lady, her essential qualities are like those of male hero in common hardboiled fictions such her ethical quality battles in having her own â€Å"femmes fatale† as Charlie Scorsoni whom Millhone was engaged with regardless of whether he was still in her presume show, her extreme young lady disposition once in a while related by her being tomboyish yet her hopeful side likewise surfaces when she furtively longs for solace of a caring relationship whether be that with her family or with a man. Works Cited Collins, Max Allan. The Hard-Boiled Detective. Ed. William DeAndrea. Prentice Hall, 1994. Print.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Nolan, William. The Black Mask Boys: Masters in the Hard-Boiled School of Detective Fiction. William Marrow and Company, 1985. Print. This article on The Hardboiled Qualities and Features in Detective Stories was composed and put together by client Jazmine Callahan to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Frankenstein Essay Topics For High School Students

Frankenstein Essay Topics For High School StudentsThere are many Frankenstein essay topics to choose from. Each topic will require the teacher to take into consideration several factors to determine whether a particular Frankenstein essay is appropriate for a high school class or not. However, there are some easy steps to follow when using this topic to boost your writing skills. Here are some factors that you should consider when evaluating Frankenstein essay topics.In order to effectively write a Frankenstein essay, you should start your research by looking for examples of how the monster's story has been told before. Find and study the similarities between your topic and previous stories about monsters and you should be able to find a lot of common elements in order to better know how to write a Frankenstein essay. This is a must-do checklist.Next, you should define the monster. Once you have decided on what kind of monster it is, the next step is to find an example of how the mon ster was created. By researching the stories surrounding the monster, you will be able to determine if your own situation is similar to the monster's story. How many times has a family member been bullied because of their big nose? You can always make a note on how it was treated by the family and use this information in your Frankenstein essay.After you have defined the monster, you should write about how the monster can be used in your essay. How can the monster be introduced into the reader's story? By knowing how the monster was created, you can use this information to write about how the monster is being used in your essay.After you have established the monster's identity, you should look at how this creature is usually presented in the book. What kind of monster is a 'big ugly kid'an unsympathetic teacher?' By answering these questions, you will be able to create a Frankenstein essay that can be used in a high school classroom.As previously mentioned, Frankenstein essay topics are quite easy to write about. The only difficult part is deciding on a monster that has been used in many high school classes. In order to determine which monster you should choose, you can use examples of all the classic monster stories that have been written about.By researching this topic, you will be able to get your unique material to stand out from the rest of the competition. With enough research, you can even come up with a unique answer to all the questions posed by your teacher!Frankenstein essay topics are perfect for a variety of subjects. Remember to look at how different monster-creatures were created before you use this idea in your essay. By taking the time to research your topic, you will be able to come up with a unique Frankenstein essay topic that will get you recognized in your field.

Essay on The Difference Between Knowledge and Belief

The Difference Between Knowledge and Belief Although sometimes the words know and believe are used interchangeably, they are very different. A knower would say â€Å"I know† if it has a higher probability of being more certain that â€Å"I believe†. In this paper, I will explore the types of knowledge, gained through reason, and how they differ with beliefs. One’s beliefs can also be described as one’s personal ideas or faiths, not distinguishable of right and wrong. Beliefs are not certain, and it is†¦show more content†¦If it is the way I strongly feel about something, it has to do with my ethics and the way in which I was brought up. All the beliefs and values that I have make up the person that I am today. If another person were to tell me otherwise, that my beliefs are wrong or even force change upon my beliefs, then I would be assimilated. Everyone’s personal beliefs would be more or less the same and then no individual would be unique anymore. People would lose the ability to think without emotion and beliefs, and thus life would quickly lose its value. Belief has two components – to believe in, which is one’s faith, and to believe that, which is one’s emotions. To believe in yourself wuld be to have faith in yourself. Faith, to believe in, has certain expectations unlike †Å"to believe that†. However, belief and faith are similar in that beliefs are biased, and it allows for individual interpretations. Belief is merely in the mind, it is not a kind of knowledge, but a requirement for knowledge. Belief and knowledge are related in the sense that to believe in something requires the basic knowledge of that something. No ideas or beliefs in our minds can exist without being known. How can you believe in something that you do not even know? If I did not know what snow is, how is it that I can believe that it will snow tomorrow? The more that something is known, the more certain, orShow MoreRelatedThe Knowledge Of Knowledge And Knowledge Essay1450 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is knowledge? Some would say that it is simply â€Å"to know,† but it is much deeper than that. The philosophers of knowledge have developed arguments about the different terms used to explain the term â€Å"knowledge.† As apparent with philosophers, each philosopher has his or her thought about the idea of knowledge where they either agree with some of their fellow philosophers, or criticize their ideas. The knowledge of knowing how and knowing that are different from each other, although th ey show someRead MoreCritical Examination Of Knowledge And Belief1504 Words   |  7 PagesBenefit of Critical Analysis in the Examination of Knowledge and Belief in the Writings of Plato, Kant, Kierkegaard, and Clifford In this philosophy study, an examination of the importance of critical analysis of knowledge (facts) and belief are important features in the writings of Plato, Kant, Kierkegaard, and Clifford. In Socrates view, the fickle nature of beliefs are often misconstrued as being â€Å"knowledge†, which defines the ambiguous barrier between reality and non-reality as a basis for valuesRead MoreEpistemology, By Robert Nozick918 Words   |  4 Pagesbehind knowledge, based of methods, validity, and scope, which is justified by beliefs and opinions. Epistemology is the greek word for knowledge that means why we should hold beliefs. Knowledge is belief that is somewhat of a fact believed without a connection but it must be believable or it will not be considered knowledge. Many people believe that knowledge is based off of only beliefs, but it’s also based off of truth too. You have to combine truth and beliefs into two to create knowledge, givingRead MoreThe Debate Of Knowled ge And Belief1038 Words   |  5 Pagestopic of knowledge and belief has been a subject of investigation and a primary field in philosophical research for centuries. Whether it was Aristotle or Descartes, multiple ideas on knowledge and belief arise, such as the epistemological theories of foundationalism or coherentism, which provide philosophical explanations to this debate. For the sake of this essay, and in my own opinion, knowledge should be distinguished from belief. Everyone is subject to different types of beliefs based on upbringingRead MoreMulticultural Counselor Competencies Reflect On Culturally911 Words   |  4 Pagesprincipals include, activation of schema and confirmatory bias; awareness; group differences; racial and cultural identity development; and multiple. As stated on page 230, paragraph one, The Multicultural Counseling Competencies (Arrendondo et al., 1996; Sue and et al., 1992) set standards for the development of beliefs and attitudes, knowledge, and s kills in three specific domains: the counselor’s self-awareness of personal beliefs, attitudes, values, and assumptions; understanding the worldview of theRead MoreRelationship Between Connected Knowing And A Student s Academic Performance946 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this study is to determine the combined relationship between connected knowing (CK), separate knowing (SK), and epistemological beliefs with student’s academic performance. These variables look at understanding how students acquire knowledge and their attitudes towards thinking and learning. As mentioned in the study done by Schommer-Aikins and Easter (2006) this study would provide future benefit to how students are being taught along with how to manage their time while studying.Read MoreTheories Of Pro Environmental Behaviors Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagespro-environmental behaviors do not fully consider how variables that are internal to a person, such as knowledge and beliefs about enviro nmentalism, impact recycling behavior. 2) As university students will be the consumers and leaders of tomorrow, this demographic’s recycling behavior is of particular interest to society. More needs to be known about how their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about environmentalism relate to their recycling behaviors. By doing a cross-culture comparative analysisRead MoreFallibilism and the Justified Deduction Principle1337 Words   |  5 Pagesmay be measured, evaluated, stored, and shared, but does this have the same connotation as knowledge. Even though these two notions are used interchangeably in most cases, it is difficult to see the difference without having sufficient ground for this. How can one state that justified true belief is knowledge? This problem was deeply examined by a German philosopher Edmund Gettier who explained the difference and provided significant evidence for questioning everything, as Descartes did. ExplanationsRead MoreIntercultural Communication in Healthcare Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagesintercultural communication strategy improves these aspects of the health care experience. Gathering knowledge of different cultures and the beliefs, values, and language can be an effective strategy to overcoming cultural diversity and improve intercultural communication. Cultural variation means that people are different from one another. Each person has his or her own set of values, norms, and beliefs. Individuals share these with others from their own culture; however with the vast number of separateRead MoreWhich Is Better, True Belief and Knowledge?1362 Words   |  6 Pagesteachable, it must be knowledge. However, since there are no teachers and students of virtue, virtue must not be taught. So they think that virtue is not knowledge. And then they start the discussion on what is true belief and knowledge. In this essay, I would evaluate Socrates’s explanation on why knowledge is better than mere true belief and the reasons that I agree with Socrates’s proposition. Socrates’s explanation To begin with, Socrates first questions whether true belief is something no less

Functions Of A Operating System - 1819 Words

Operating Systems, in the most simplest of terms, it is the chief program that manages all the hardwares and softwares. It takes control for every process, file, section of memory and device. They are like the â€Å"middle-man† who arranges business deals between other people but in this case, they it is between every hardware and software that he makes sure interact with each other correctly. There are four essential managers of the operating system and they all work together, as a team, to act efficiently and get the job done. The OS, then, acts as the â€Å"boss† and making sure that everything is working in harmony. Operating System Managers: Memory Manager: This takes charge of the main memory, scanning every request for memory and†¦show more content†¦For example, logging into the Guest account, you won’t be able to access the Administrator’s file as you don’t have the permission to do so. Network Manager: This gives a way for the users to share hardware and software resources while also controlling the user’s access to it. Basic Functions of an Operating System: Booting of computer: the starting and restarting of a computer, the OS is loaded into the system’s main memory, setting up the OS to run applications. Basic reboot keys are ctrl, alt and delete. Handling of resources: The OS ensures that the resources are used efficiently as it manages and assigns memory, storage and CPU’s attention to each system program. File Management: The OS keeps track and arranges files for easy referencing. Example of these are Finder-Mac and File Explorer - PC Multi-tasking: refers to the ability to run several programs at the same time. The OS has control over the tasks, allowing a good flow or movement between programs without having to lose any information. In choosing which operating system to use, you must take into consideration what features are on offer and which ones are most important for you. WINDOWS LINUX ANDROID iOS Does the operating system let you customise what you see on the screen and how you interact with the computer? Windows lets you to change the basic settings such background/theme, font and general colour scheme for you Windows desktop. Linux offers you the most of

The Third Theory Is Monopoly Capitalism - 1433 Words

The third theory is Monopoly Capitalism. Monopoly capitalism can help explain how the government created Sallie Mae and others like it. It says that the government is allowed massive growth and becomes the deep pocket for guaranteeing profits for large corporations through government contracts and other forms of corporate welfare. It also favors the growth of large corporations at the expense of smaller ones. Sallie Mae had a huge hold on congress. Sallie Mae allowed for the government to make profits off of the loans that Sallie Mae received. They even offered nice vacations, parties, etc. When the government started to dish out money, they gave it to Sallie Mae and passed everything it wanted to help the business grow to a for-profit†¦show more content†¦As an example, the U.S. Department of Education had been inappropriately paying hundreds of millions in subsidies to Nelnet. This complicated scheme involved a provision in the Higher Education Act that guaranteed lenders a 9.5 percent rate of return for loans funded through nonprofit bonds that had been issued prior to 1993. Held at least a hundred thousand dollars in stock from a student loan company, Student Loan Express, while he was employed at the U.S. Dept. of Education. Money would go out, but more money came in from defaulted loans and these back door deals with lower companies, congress, and schools. The Dept. of Education would back companies like Sallie Mae and make sure that they receive money and what they need to be a top company. The Dept. of Education did not make them change anything when allegations came out about all the wrongs they have done. This way the Dept. of Education and Sallie Mae could share on the massive amounts of profit being made. The next theory is the Educational Industrial complex. Each loan company, guarantor, and collection agency is intertwined. They have contacts between each other so that they can commit fraud with the smaller business as the larger ones stay safe and exploit, harass, and threaten the borrowers. The larger companies, such as Sallie Mae, exploit their smaller companies to keep the profits at the top. When the smaller ones go

Gains from trade using supply and demand analysis Essay Example For Students

Gains from trade using supply and demand analysis Essay The diagram shows Japan can produce camcorders at lower costs its supply curve is lower than the UK. This means that Japan has a comparative advantage in producing camcorders. In the absence of international trade between the two countries, British consumers would have to buy at a higher equilibrium price than Japanese consumers. Since Japan is more efficient, it makes sense for Japan to specialise in production of camcorders and export their surplus output to the UK at a lower free trade price. At the intermediate price shown in the diagram, (the free trade price) Japan sells exports to the UK for a higher price but this is still lower than the UK equilibrium price. Japan receives revenue from the sale of these exports. UK consumers can now buy more camcorders at a lower price and have more choice in the market We are ignoring transportation costs between the two countries and we are assuming that the resources that were previously allocated to producing camcorders in the UK can be reallocated to other industries (i.e. resources are assumed to be occupationally mobile). Free trade, interchange of commodities across political frontiers without restrictions such as tariffs, quotas, or foreign exchange controls. This economic policy contrasts with protectionist policies that use such restrictions to protect or stimulate domestic industries. In this article I will discuss the positive and negative effects of free trade. Trade can lead to an improvement in overall economic welfare if countries specialize in the products in which they have a production advantage. Trade allows businesses to exploit economies of scale by operating in international markets. International competition stimulates higher efficiency and reduces monopoly power. Trade enhances consumer choice and international competition between suppliers helps to keep prices down. Trade in ideas stimulates product and process innovations that generates better products for consumers and enhances the overall standard of living. Negative effects: Within countries, the gap between rich and poor has also generally increased. In the United States wealthier people tend to receive more income from owning shares of companies, while poor and middle income people get most of their income from wages and salaries. If a company makes more profits by moving its production offshore, those who own its shares will see their incomes rise while those people who lost their jobs will see their income fall. So as the trade deficit has increased, the rich have gotten richer and the poor have gotten poorer. In 1997 the richest 1 percent of people in the United States owned 39 percent of all the wealth in the country, according to economist Edward Wolff of New York University. Local manufacturer that produce goods that are higher that free trade price will force to cut down cost or shut down. They wont be able to compete with imported products that are lower at cost but with the same or better quality. Big businesses increasingly move factories in and out of different countries. This mobility gives them the power to demand that governments also lower their domestic labor and environmental standards or else the companies will lay off workers and move elsewhere. The result has been called a race to the bottom. Free trade has also encouraged the use of child labor. The International Labor Organization (ILO), an agency of the United Nations (UN), estimated in 1998 that there were at least 250 million children from the ages of 5 to 14 working for minimal wages. Researchers at the University of Veracruz in Mexico recently reported that child workers there are exposed to dangerous chemicals, carry heavy loads, and do not get enough nutritious food to eat. .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e , .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .postImageUrl , .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e , .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e:hover , .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e:visited , .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e:active { border:0!important; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e:active , .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf73cc0311cd22ee5c565778fb773f57e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sir Jaso and the Giant EssayThere are approximately two million child workers in Brazil. Many work 10 hours a day producing sisal for rugs, rope, and handbags sold in the United States. According to a report in 2000 in the Washington Post, The sharp blades and processing machines used in the fields have left many children and their parents with punctured eyeballs, missing fingers and amputated arms. Conclusion: Free trade is not as the phrase suggests a matter of a free trade between consenting countries. The U. S.A for instance is the first to impose tariffs when its farming interests and .

How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example Essay Example

How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example Paper How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Introduction English 101 4 March 2013 How to raise an academically successful child All parents want their children to succeed academically. But not all parents know how to accomplish this. With all the distraction in today’s society that a child must avoid it can be difficult. Academic success starts in early childhood. This is why firm parenting and an early emphasis on the importance of education are necessary. I will focus on how musical arts, strong parental guidance, and setting high expectations for your child will help them to succeed academically. Music education has many benefits and all children should be involved. Its biggest benefits are success in increasing intellect, culture, school and life (AM’). Music can give your child an intellectual superiority. â€Å"Music simply stimulates parts of the brain that are related to reading, math and emotional development† says children’s music specialist Meredith Levande. Memory is also enhanced through musical art s. Engaging at an early in music helps with learning. Constant memorization will help stimulate brain development (Caren-Marturet). Being part in a music group will help build a child’s social skills. They will learn discipline, teamwork and be able to lead thers. Which are all important life skills (Caren-Marturet). Self-Reliance is also raised through practicing music. Every child will not be good when they begin. But with lots of practice they will become more confident in their own abilities. Many children today have very little patience, if any at all. They want everything instantly. Being part of a music group will help them to develop patience. How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Body Paragraphs In a musical group everything it is all about timing. If everyone played when they felt like it the music would not come together correctly (Caren-Dotson). Studying also requires lots of patience. As a child progresses through school, hours of studying will be needed every night. If the patience is not present the child will struggle to stay focused and lose interest. All children need to relax after a long day and most choose television, video games, and internet. None of which stimulate the brain like playing music. Learning never stops when studying music. As a child progresses the music becomes more difficult, constantly presenting a mental challenge (Caren-Jolkovsky). Music helps a child express themselves. According to Michael Jolkovsky, a psychologist who specializes in musicians,† it gives pleasures and nuances of motional life for which there are no words†. Children learn to get past their apprehension and take chances through music performance. A child must take chances in order to grow. Music boosts mental health and can keep children out of trouble later in life (Phillips). Music is a major part of our society and should be part of every child’s education. By introducing your child to music lessons, they will learn to develop skills that could help them easily learn new imagination and shape their own individuality through music. A sense of respect for all art forms is gained. Students who are involved in music score higher on SAT and are more interested in pursuing college education (Phillips). This could be attributed to the skills it teaches such as concentration, discipline, cooperation, and setting goals. All of which are needed to succeed in the real world. A child’s educational production is lifted when a parent takes an active role in their child’s education. â€Å"Chinese parents spend approximately 10 times as long every day drilling academic activities with their children†(Chua pg. 54). The more inv olved a parent is it will have a greater effect on the child’s schooling. Parents should be encouraged to read with their children on a daily basis. They should also talk about the reading. Lots of challenging questions should be asked that will make a child expand thoughts on what was read (Chin). Children of parents who take the time to sit down and read with them read much better than those who don’t. A child that has had much practice at home will have the self-esteem needed to read and volunteer willingly in class. Motivation is the key here. Motivated children choose more difficult tasks, they will begin them without a need for a push from parents, make a better ttempt and pay better attention. Leading to improved behavior towards education and a greater likeliness of academic success (Seven). Helping kids with homework is very important. Your child needs an area with good lighting to do homework and study. All tools should be made available. This area should not have any distractions such as television, music and games (Seven-3). Parents should check homework daily and make sure it is correct by going over answers with child. When a child is struggling in certain areas of the homework the teacher should be notified of problem areas (Chen). Parental involvement has a big impact on a child’s classroom behavior. A child who knows that the parent and teacher are in constant contact will be less likely to act out in class and complete assignments. Parents who push the value of education and make it fun will effect a child’s feelings towards school. â€Å"Parents need to foster the idea that learning is fun† (Chua pg. 53). A child raised to think this way will enjoy education and become a leader in class. It is important that a parent stay involved from preschool to high school. No matter how old a child is parental involvement has a strong impact. Most parents are involved a lot during elementary, but toward middle and high school they involve themselves less. It is important a parent is involved during later years (Chen). High school students are less likely to drop out and more likely to attend college when a parent encourages academic success. â€Å"Academic achievement reflects successful parenting† (Chua pg. 53). A college degree is very important in todays society and it is the parents’ Job to help their child understand this importance. Setting high expectations for your children is the key to academic success. If a child is a â€Å"c† student, they should be ncouraged to get a’s and b’s. Teaching kids not to settle for anything less than the best is essential in setting high expectations. High achievement always takes place in the framework of high expectation† Charles F. Kettering. A child should be sat down and told what is expected of them. Future goals should be talked about in depth. The goals intended should be fair and easy to understand. Childre n should understand that they are going to be responsible for their success and failure. The will pay off with good grades and be rewarded. Children should know to act civilized at all times while in school. Horseplay and be class clown are not acceptable behaviors. They are in school to learn and should respect teachers and fellow students. Participation is a requirement and teachers should be asked about the student’s classroom conduct and involvement (Expectations). When children do not meet expected goals punishment should be given. T. V, video games and time with friends should be taken away. This should help a child get back on the right track and stay focused on what is really important. Children always need encouragement to strive for the best. Your child should understand from an early age that attending ollege is a main goal and they are expected and encouraged to seek higher education and do well. High expectations are the key to Amy Chua’s daughter’s academic successes. Chua’s daughters were never allowed to get any grade less than an â€Å"A†. Anything less than an â€Å"A† or no. 1 position lead to excessive drilling until grades were improved or number one position was held again. She demanded perfection and wouldn’t allow her daughters to settle for anything less. â€Å"Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they believe their child can get them† (Chua pg. 55). Chinese parents have 100% percent confidence in their child’s own ability to e perfect in all academics. When the goal is not met, Chinese parents believe their children are not applying themselves to their full potential. Where-as a western parent would think the subjects being studied are too hard. Showing little confidence in their child’s ability, which is not good for the child’s self-esteem. By showing and telling kids they are capable of tasks put before them. By setting the bar high a child will l earn to reach for their goals and succeed all around. With more people in the U. S. the number of children increasing, and more Jobs requiring degrees, academic uccess is very important in todays society. It leads children down a positive path, and creates a bright future. But without the parent their pushing the child toward academic achievement, life can be a struggle. I believe musical arts will give a child a mental step ahead of their peers. Also strong parental guidance is necessary to keep the child focused on academics, and setting high expectations help children reach their life goals. Works Cited â€Å"American Music Institute† Benefits of Music. 2012. Web. Feb 15, 2013 Campbell, Kim â€Å"Expectations: Do You Have Them? Do Students Get Them† NASSP Apr 2012. web. Feb 24 2013 Caren, Sarah â€Å"10 Ways Music Benefits Children† She Knows Parenting March 23, 2010. web. Feb 15, 2013. Chen, Grace â€Å"10 Ways Parental Involvement Improves School Performan ce† Public school Review. NOV 29, 2012. web. Feb 18, 2013 Chen, Grace â€Å"Parental involvement is Key to Academic Success† Public School Review Mar 25, 2008. web. Feb 18, 2013 Chua, Amy â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers are Superior† Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. 2011. The Blair Reader. Print Koklanaris, Maria â€Å"Seven Proven Ways to Motivate Children to do Better in School† Phillips, Carolyn â€Å"12 Benefits of Music Education† Children’s Music Workshop 2012. web. Feb 15, 2013 We will write a custom essay sample on How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Deciding The Right Of Individual Determination

Deciding the Right of Individual Determination In the essays â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† and â€Å"Moral Dilemma†, the authors discuss the problems medicine present us by having the capacity to extend life far beyond its natural course. Defining life as individuals having the opportunity to make meaning out of their existence raises immediate problems. At what point does an individual lose the opportunity to act on their desires? Who decides when an individual no longer has the opportunity for autonomy and bodily integrity, each individual, the government, or the medical community? In describing situations in which the right of individual determination is questioned, the authors lean toward the position that individuals should determine the best course of action for themselves. In â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† Lawrence J. Schneiderman discusses how physicians face the ethical dilemma of being committed to preserving life at all costs. As a medical ethicist, Schneiderman plays the Devil’s Advocate to his physicians (Para 4). He appeals to their compassionate side by asking who has thought of â€Å"alleviating the suffering of patients with death?† and in the same breath claiming, he can offer no legal immunity. This comment gives a glimpse of Schneiderman’s opposition of outsiders determining the rights of individuals. Schneiderman take a less subtle stance by equating euthanasia with the negative Nazi connotation. He explains the horrors committed to the Jews as debasing death questioning if American physicians are any different for the atrocities they have committed (Para 6-7). He doubts the ability of the law taking each case independently making the criteria for ending someone’s life subject to a checklist. The euthanasia debate is complicated because it is based on abstractions. Schneiderman uses the word â€Å"community† equating it with human feeling and â€Å"state† with totalitarianism equating politics (Para 17). Sch... Free Essays on Deciding The Right Of Individual Determination Free Essays on Deciding The Right Of Individual Determination Deciding the Right of Individual Determination In the essays â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† and â€Å"Moral Dilemma†, the authors discuss the problems medicine present us by having the capacity to extend life far beyond its natural course. Defining life as individuals having the opportunity to make meaning out of their existence raises immediate problems. At what point does an individual lose the opportunity to act on their desires? Who decides when an individual no longer has the opportunity for autonomy and bodily integrity, each individual, the government, or the medical community? In describing situations in which the right of individual determination is questioned, the authors lean toward the position that individuals should determine the best course of action for themselves. In â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† Lawrence J. Schneiderman discusses how physicians face the ethical dilemma of being committed to preserving life at all costs. As a medical ethicist, Schneiderman plays the Devil’s Advocate to his physicians (Para 4). He appeals to their compassionate side by asking who has thought of â€Å"alleviating the suffering of patients with death?† and in the same breath claiming, he can offer no legal immunity. This comment gives a glimpse of Schneiderman’s opposition of outsiders determining the rights of individuals. Schneiderman take a less subtle stance by equating euthanasia with the negative Nazi connotation. He explains the horrors committed to the Jews as debasing death questioning if American physicians are any different for the atrocities they have committed (Para 6-7). He doubts the ability of the law taking each case independently making the criteria for ending someone’s life subject to a checklist. The euthanasia debate is complicated because it is based on abstractions. Schneiderman uses the word â€Å"community† equating it with human feeling and â€Å"state† with totalitarianism equating politics (Para 17). Sch...

Analyze the two movies and their themes, compare and contrast the Essay

Analyze the two movies and their themes, compare and contrast the themes and relate it to china and establish the time period and the social and political context through Ebrey - Essay Example In this way, the director depicts how educational reforms in China were taking place. It also highlights the economic disparity that existed between the urban and rural people. Because the film is produced with every day actors, people can better feel, understand and relate to the film since it catered on a few pressing issues of China at that time. This also included a bureaucratic culture. The main motive behind producing this film is to highlight the difficulties faced by the rural people in gaining education. There are many people in China who are forced to leave schools at the hands of poverty and through donations only a few of them get a chance to return back. It also poses criticism to the everyday hurdles that an ordinary Chinese has to face because of the strict bureaucratic culture. There was a deep meaning behind the production of this movie. As soon as China entered into the 1990s, more emphasis was placed on the basic and primary education for children. Many people in China (approximately 160 million) could not acquire proper primary education because of the Cultural Revolution occurring from 1960s-1970s. After that, education was made mandatory for a period of nine years on all the citizens of China. In 1966, the Cultural Revolution actually started. It was started when many bourgeois elements started entering China with the intention of restoring capitalism. In order to stop this from happening, the Cultural Revolution came into action. This documentary thus has a historical context and explains to its viewers the importance of easy and fair education for all Chinese as they have already struggled a lot during the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was believed to be ended by 1969. One of the major problems that faced China was that a majority of rural school children left school only because they wanted to start working. Dealing with the huge distinction between the quality and education levels of

Working in a Health and Wellness Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Working in a Health and Wellness Company - Essay Example Problems such as obesity can be attributed to the element of poor diet where individuals consume more of a particular type of food that is mostly rich in fats. Therefore, I would advise the clients on the proper measures they can take in order to overcome this problem. As a consultant, I would also facilitate in updating membership information as well as receiving payments for various services from the members of the club.  Apart from advising the clients about the measures they can take in order to improve their health, our company also specialized in offering training sessions to the clients so that they can improve their wellness. Our company has specially designed facilities that are meant for training and development in a bid to improve the physical fitness of the clients. The company has a gymnasium that is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment that can be used by the clients for all their requirements in carrying out physical exercises. The company also has sporting groun ds where the clients can engage in sporting activities such as cycling, athletics, soccer, and basketball. Our company has a strong orientation towards sporting activities since we believe that it is very important in the health and welfare of the people. The company encourages members to form teams and it often sponsors tournaments as a way of motivating the targeted people to take an active role in the sport.  The company also offers herbal solutions that can be used to improve the health and wellness of different people. One important aspect of the company is that it specializes in using natural solutions to address the health concerns of the people. The company has a staff complement of about 30 employees and it operates three branches in the Kent area. The company has a competitive advantage in that it offers unique products that are not matched by the other products and services offered by other companies.

Analysis of Eco-Friendly Bricks

Analysis of Eco-Friendly Bricks SMART MATERIAL IN CONSTRUCTION: DEFINITION : Smart materials are reactive materials. Their properties can be changed by exposure to stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields, stress, moisture and temperature.(BBC UK) The smart material can of Wood Metal Ceramics Polymers Metals etc In construction these sort of materials are used to achieve the desired strength, they should be economical and prove beneficial to the environment and to the stakeholders. A large number of innovations are seen in this modern world e.g. self healing concrete ,green cement ,carbon neutral cements etc. The materials , which have been recently invented by two MIT students and Professor Carmen Trudall are eco blac brick and Breathe bricks respectively. The detailed analysis of such an inventions are discussed below ECO FRIENDLY BRICKs: INTRODUCTION : Brick is mostly considered as a major component of a building. It is found generally in a rectangular shape with different dimensions. They are famous for their strength at low cost. These bricks when introduced to high temperature during their manufacturing. These kilns are mainly operated by coal and diesel resulting in harmful waste affecting both the environment and the people working in these kilns. NEED OF ECO FRIENDLY BRICKS: Currently the modern world is facing some serious environmental issues , which is resulting in global warming . the fuel used for these kilns are the major contributors to the pollution and the environment is exposed directly to them. In todays day ,the think tanks of the industry and the environmental agencies are trying to make building more greener and at least carbon neutral. Moreover, recently a Chinese artist made a brick from the pollutants entrapped in the air. This shocked the whole country and then the authorities came into action and started to take the environmental issues seriously. For the purposes mentioned above ,it is important to use these sort of bricks to make the environment more greener. ECO BLAC BRICK: The idea of these bricks was first introduced by the students of MIT with the aim that how to manufacture bricks without using kilns. Fig :showing a typical blac brick These bricks are mainly made from boiler ash. Boiler ash is an ash produced by the burning of various materials, mainly paper ,wood etc in the factories or anywhere else. Boiler ash is mainly dumped in the land ,resulting in clogging . The boiler ash is combined with the alkali activation technology .This technology utilizes the boiler ash as an alumino-silicate,fusing it with an alkaline activator solution. When they are combined, the ash dissolves, followed by the construction of a geo-polymer gel, a solid 3D network that gives the bricks strength and durability. This solution reuses industrial waste (70% in the current model) rather than topsoil, and is low-cost and low energy. By using a chemical reaction rather than firing, the bricks gain strength at ambient temperatures, not requiring the massive consumption of coal (roughly 24 million tons annually) in traditional clay-fired brick production. This process also produces no emissions, unlike the traditional kiln technology, which produces carbon dioxide (roughly 76 million tons CO2/ year), carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, black carbon, and particulate matter.(arch daily) These bricks when subjected to different test , had more durability, showed more water resistance and had more compressive strength then the normal clay brick. SALIENT FEATURES: Some features of these bricks are: better for human health than an ordinary brick. better for the environment . better in resource . Less CO2 emissions. Waste consumption. BREATHE BRICKS: Breathe bricks are invented by a Carmen Trudell, an assistant professor at Cal Poly San Luis Obispos school of architecture . Fig :showing a breathe brick Fig showing Breathe brick section The Breathe Brick is designed on an idea to form a part of a buildings regular ventilation system, with a double-layered facade ,exterior of the building is made of these special bricks , accompanied by a standard internal layer providing insulation. At the mid , the breathe bricks function is cyclone filtration, an idea inspired from modern vacuum cleaners, which separates out the heavy pollutant particles from the air and drops them into a removable hopper at the base of the wall. Fig showing : structural gravity and lateral loading system of a breathe brick The system is composed of two key parts: concrete bricks, and a recycled plastic coupler, which both helps to align bricks and creates a route from the outside into the bricks hollow centre. The concrete bricks themselves feature a faceted surface which helps to direct airflow into the system, and a separate cavity for inserting steel structure. The Breathe Brick can perform multiple functions i.e. mechanical and passive ventilation systems, as the brick simply transports strained air into the walls general assembly, this air can then be sent to the buildings interior through mechanical equipment or through filter vents driven by passive systems such as stack ventilation In wind tunnel tests, the system was found more efficient filtering 30% of fine particles (such as airborne pollutants) and 100% of coarse particles such as dust. As the entire system is relatively inexpensive, the Trudell posits the Breathe Brick as a way to lower pollution levels in developing countries, where rapid expansion of industry and less stringent environmental regulations often cause problems. ADVANTAGES OF ECOFRIENDLY BRICKS: Cost efficient High strength Water resistant Eco friendly Carbon neutral Top soil preserved Low amount of mortar used Less labour affected No use of kilns No use of fuels Helping agriculture Conclusion: To conclude, the bricks made of clay has strength but are major contributors to the pollution as on other hand the eco bricks which are made from wastes is useful for the environment as well as the people. With equivalent stent as the ordinary bricks these brisk can take over the future and has the ability to replace these bricks in the near future. REFERENCING https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instantion=1espv=2ie=UTF-8

How Did Climate Serve as a Trigger Event for the Bangladeshi Liberation

Climate issues have come to the forefront of popular culture and is a hot topic in the arena of politics and beyond. More recently numerous academics have started to research how not only global warming, but climate can increase the risk of civil war or ignite armed conflict. One of the most introductory article on the subject is written by Marshall Burke and discusses how climate has increased the risk of civil war in Africa. One of the conclusions Burke and his colleagues draw from their quantitative research is that not only can climate trigger civil conflict but also â€Å"that climate change will worsen instability in already volatile regions† (Burke, p.1). Moreover, during the time of the Bangladeshi Liberation War that was the case. Bangladesh, at the time referred to as East Pakistan was in a tumultuous state and a breeding ground for conflict. However, it wasn’t until the 1970 Bhola cyclone that devastated the area that the East Pakistani’s decided to move forward in their secession from West Pakistan, which led to the Bangladeshi Liberation War. This paper will be divided into four sections. The first section will set the theoretical foundation for how climate can cause conflict. The second section will identify and analyze the different conflict factors that were present in East Pakistan and were amplified/affected by the cyclone. The third section will examine the extent and damage caused by the cyclone, focusing on numbers and logistics. The last section will take the information that had been presented previously and create the links between it and how it relates to argument of the Bhola cyclone triggering the lib eration war. There has not yet been a tremendous amount of research done on how exactly climate can trigg... ... 132- 144. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. Nanda, Ved. "Self-Determination in International Law: The Tragic Tale of Two Cities--Islamabad (West Pakistan) and Dacca (East Pakistan)." American Journal of International Law. 66.2 (1972): 321-336. Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 Apr. 2012. Sappenfield, Mark. "CLIMATE MAY HEAT CONFLICT, TOO." Christian Science Monitor 06 Dec. 2007: 13+. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. Schanberg, Sydney. "Pakistan Divided." Foreign Affairs. (1971): 125-135. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. Schanberg, Sydney. "Yahya Concedes 'Slips' In Relief. "New York Times [New York] 22 NOV 1970, 10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Staff Writer, . "East Pakistani Leaders Assail Yahya on Cyclone Relief." New York Times [New York] 23 NOV 1970, 5. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Apr. 2012.

Designing Activity Systems Research Essay

The greatest challenge facing an Activity-Theory-based approached to researching interconnected networks and activity systems is the tension between the necessarily holistic view of â€Å"better contextuality† suggested by Kuuti, and the need for an appropriate level of analytic abstraction and â€Å"generalizable† research results required for the research to have utility across disciplines (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 22; Nardi, 1996, p. 70). This tension can be partially mitigated by focusing simultaneously on object/motive-oriented research of individuals and on community-object-oriented research of larger subject communities. Thus in a research setting, the object, activity, and operation levels of each individual subject would be documented, both as subjectively articulated in interviews, and as prescribed in that individual’s task description. The overarching community object, activity, and operation levels of the various interacting subject communities would also be documented, in terms of a written prospectus of the group’s initial goals and any obtainable data regarding any sub-group’s particular objects, either explicitly or implicitly stated. Because of the magnitude of data likely resulting from such research techniques, trends from the collected data are probably best analyzed through statistics-based computer modeling. Any truly contextual understanding of activity systems requires researchers to pay close attention in particular to what Kuuti calls action-operation dynamics, noting when and how, for individual subjects, the orientation phase of a given action has passed and the action has been internalized as operation (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 31). This phenomenon could be identified in a number of ways. For instance, when individuals begin to elide unnecessary orientation-phase-steps in a process, or when they have re-articulated their objects to indicate a broadening of scope, it is likely because they have moved beyond the orientation phase for a given action and internalized it as operation. Research into interrelated activity systems and networks also requires a nuanced understanding of how community subjects interact, both which each other and with individual subjects. Documenting these interactions through research would require a thorough enumeration of how both formal and informal subject groups affect one another, and the specific â€Å"contradictions† that they exhibit through their objects (Kutti as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 34). For example, to fully define and therefore research the activity of a software company working on a new database platform, researchers would need to understand the myriad goals of each sub-group and engineer within the company, as well as the company’s larger goals, and the intentions of competing companies. This would require ongoing observation and interview data, and given the vast amounts of data likely to be mined in this process, a computer-based, statistical approach would likely be most effective. Situated Action vs. Activity Theory Because Situated Action Models explicitly reject an intention or goal-based definition of action, they do not lend themselves well to analytical abstraction. Each model being â€Å"inextricably embedded in a particular situation,† no two models are likely to offer enough commonality to allow comparison across situations, let alone across disciplines (Nardi, 1996, p. 1). Activity Theory, by contrast, offers its fundamental tenet as its organizing schema: consciousness and intent are the defining the elements of all activity (Nardi, 1996, p. 11). This perspective has several benefits. First, since Situated Action refuses to consider a subject’s intent in its analysis, â€Å"the activity can only be known as it plays out in situ† (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This means that Situated Action researchers must posit their own interpretation of a subject’s actions, and ignore the subject’s stated intention. Such â€Å"constructed rationalizations† are more the province of speculative psychology than observational science (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This view appears even more absurd in light of the fact that Situated Action offers no explanation as to why, despite its guiding premise, human subjects invariably do explain their actions through their intentions, and often â€Å"demand or believe† such explanations from others (Nardi, 1996, p. 81). Second, Activity Theory, by starting from the premise that intention and consciousness are fundamental elements in the definition of action, immediately offers a means of demarcating and understanding activity that Situated Action Models lack (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). As Nardi points out, two subjects in identical environments may display disparate actions that can only be parsed in light of each subject’s intent or object (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). Using the â€Å"object† as the organizing rinciple further allows Activity Theory to maintain a consistent analytical schema across disciplines and at varying levels of generality. For instance, both individual subjects and subject communities can be parsed according to the subject/object and object/action/operation paradigm. Lastly, Activity Theory allows research to continue over a â€Å"longer time horizon† because, while the situations examined in Situated Action Models tend to be quite ephemeral, the objects of Activity Theory may persist for months or years (Nardi, 1996, p. 3). This allows research of a given subject to proceed cumulatively, and not be wasted as soon as a given situation expires. It further allows researchers to focus on a higher level of abstraction, recurrence, and commonality than Situated Action Models, and to avoid the â€Å"claustrophobic thicket of descriptive detail† that becomes necessary when disregarding intentionality (Nardi, 1996, p. 92).

Building the Bridge as You Walk on It - 1448 Words

Robert E. Quinn’s first book, Deep Change: Discovering the Leader Within, expounded on the idea that changes in leadership styles and effectiveness required changes first and foremost within the leader’s self. In the years that followed, reader feedback provided Quinn with a new model of leadership, one that reflected leadership as a state of being rather than just a pattern of behavioral modifications. Quinn, R. (2004). Building the bridge as you walk on it: A guide for leading change, San Francisco, CA, Jossey Bass (ISBN 0-7879-7112-X) Thus emerged Building the Bridge as You Walk on It: A Guide for Leading Change. Ensconced in these pages of literature are valuable insights that detail the fundamental state of leadership, how you can†¦show more content†¦We are taking definite action and fully agree with what we are doing. 3. Appreciative Inquiry - â€Å"Wisdom and deep intelligence require an honest appreciation of mystery† - Thomas Moore Appreciative Inquiry is the discipline of asking thoughtful questions; respectfully delving further into an area of concern that needs attention. In our normal state we may fire twenty questions at a teenager that has come in after curfew, causing them to become defensive and silent. With Appreciative Inquiry, we would calmly explain our concern for their wellbeing and ask thoughtful questions that can help us understand what caused their tardiness. 4. Grounded Vision - â€Å"Real vision demands that we make tough choices.† - Michael F. Easley Grounded Vision is the discipline of getting to the heart of something; cutting past the obstacles and really focusing in on the matter at hand. In our normal state we are all faced with distractions from all directions. We need to clean the garage, we have been thinking about it and psyching our self up for it for weeks and finally the weekend comes that we were going to do it and we realize it is time for dinner and we still haven’t gotten to the task at hand. We wonder what happened to the day. The answer is that we got distracted. With Grounded Vision, we are able to meet the distractions and, one-by-one, place them aside so that we can tackle our original goal for the day. We remain focused on our taskShow MoreRelatedBuilding The Bridge As You Walk On It : A Guide For Leading Change2259 Words   |  10 PagesAfter reading Building the Bridge as You Walk on It: A Guid e for Leading Change, by Robert E. Quinn. The basic idea is that behavioral patterns effect leadership and the actions we take on a day-to-day basis. There are some organizations today that are inherently selfish, have no courage and, are not focused on the day-to-day operations. However, organizations can change their behavior with good leadership. The term fundamental state of leadership is an internally directed and focused ideaRead MoreThe New Terrain And Distance Viewing1607 Words   |  7 Pagesexperiences playing alpha 15. As I had mentioned, in my previous article, I rather like the new terrain and distance viewing. I am indeed excited about the new possibilities it offers for building things (as I rather like to construct buildings and make my own small towns). I have begun to explore the buildings possibilities, which I will get into later. The dynamic of progression for production has changed. The change in the steel perk, the increased number of things which need the work bench toRead MoreVisit At St. Mark s Basilica1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfloor-to-ceiling mosaics. There’s no fee to tour the main part of the basilica, and even booking an entry time online (so you don’t have to wait in the sometimes-long line out front) is free, so after you’ve wandered the city this should be your next stop. There are three smaller museums within the basilica which you’ll have to pay an entry to see; your budget and overall interest should dictate whether you visit all of them, but if you’re just going to pick one then by all means take the narrow and steep staircaseRead MoreCreative Writing : The Bridge Keeps Falling Up In My School989 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"No.† â€Å"No.† Your bridge calculations are not right,† I explained. â€Å"I cannot get the bridge to work!† said Linda. â€Å"The bridge keeps falling down!† â€Å"The bridge’s cost,† I replied, â€Å"and supplies are more than a $200,000,000 limit.† â€Å"Keep on trying.† â€Å"You’ll get it!† Linda’s anguish, of not reaching her bridge’s budget goal, almost caused her to pack her books; shut down her computer; and, storm out of my class. I cringed as her high-pitched voice sent four-legged fearRead MoreMy Experience My Learning Experience850 Words   |  4 Pagessite, I sat on the stair on the Engineering Building and ate my Chicken fingers as my hunger was beginning to die down. It was 15 minutes passed when I got texts saying they were on their way, I looked around til I saw Hope walking toward the bus stop I caught up to her, then we saw Casey and Joel sitting outside the Atria Theater. Our first idea was to take a bus to the Mill, but realized the bus went no where close to the location, so we began to walk following the GPS. Getting there we passedRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Communication1075 Words   |  5 Pagesgeneration, let’s look at some effective strategies for capitalizing on these strengths and overcoming these obstacles. Learn more about the communication differences of each generation. Flip chart Markers 10 minutes IV. Drawbridge: Drop the Bridge and Span the Communication Gap The most common type of drawbridge consists of a wooden platform with one fixed side (normally with a hinge). The other side is attached to a wall from a floor higher than the drawbridge. The drawbridge can be usedRead MoreThe Value Of Art Should Not Be Separate From Life1644 Words   |  7 PagesSpaces is to â€Å"Make the Place more interesting† As Zach Medler, the curator of the project, puts it. Small Spaces A $20,000 project has recruited th ousands of artists who have turned Lafayette’s dilapidated alleys and walls into works of art.1 If you walk down the alleys of Lafayette now, several different paintings and murals will catch your eye. They range from cartoons to outlandish animations to written graffiti and more. Zach Medler outlines the purpose behind Small Spaces The idea of confiningRead MoreSocial Injustice During The Film Selma, Directed By Ava Duvernay1642 Words   |  7 Pagespeople during the 1960 s. The scene showcases a group of African Americans that band together from the city of Selma and wants to march in a peaceful manner to Montgomery, Alabama. However, their movement was halted when police block the town s bridge. The townspeople decide not to back down and want to continue their migration; however, the police argue that if they do not return home, the cops will assault them. This leads to the simple assault of African Americans by white supremacist AmericanRead MoreNew York At St. Luke s Roosevelt Hospital917 Words   |  4 Pagesnineteen years. I stayed here because this is where I was born and raised. This is also the place I plan to pursue my career and build a family. New York City is my home. New York is a place with a diversity and plenty of room to grow in any direction you choose. New York City is a place of many opportunities. It gives me a feeling that I can accomplish anything I set out to do. What I like about New York is the cultural diversity. Every part of the world is connected to this one city. New York s ethnicRead MoreDescriptive Essay About Mistake1507 Words   |  7 Pageseverything unknown. I have had a wound so deep it is no longer seen ... .When the flood does not stop all cry for a place in the ark, we come to this world to help but for that we must understand that it is help, help is not to give the other what you think you need if not to discover what it is that the other really needs ... To help is to be that ark that saves the other from the shipwreck .. To help is to be that place where to be able to preserve the best of the species ... To help is to give that