How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example Essay Example

How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example Paper How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Introduction English 101 4 March 2013 How to raise an academically successful child All parents want their children to succeed academically. But not all parents know how to accomplish this. With all the distraction in today’s society that a child must avoid it can be difficult. Academic success starts in early childhood. This is why firm parenting and an early emphasis on the importance of education are necessary. I will focus on how musical arts, strong parental guidance, and setting high expectations for your child will help them to succeed academically. Music education has many benefits and all children should be involved. Its biggest benefits are success in increasing intellect, culture, school and life (AM’). Music can give your child an intellectual superiority. â€Å"Music simply stimulates parts of the brain that are related to reading, math and emotional development† says children’s music specialist Meredith Levande. Memory is also enhanced through musical art s. Engaging at an early in music helps with learning. Constant memorization will help stimulate brain development (Caren-Marturet). Being part in a music group will help build a child’s social skills. They will learn discipline, teamwork and be able to lead thers. Which are all important life skills (Caren-Marturet). Self-Reliance is also raised through practicing music. Every child will not be good when they begin. But with lots of practice they will become more confident in their own abilities. Many children today have very little patience, if any at all. They want everything instantly. Being part of a music group will help them to develop patience. How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Body Paragraphs In a musical group everything it is all about timing. If everyone played when they felt like it the music would not come together correctly (Caren-Dotson). Studying also requires lots of patience. As a child progresses through school, hours of studying will be needed every night. If the patience is not present the child will struggle to stay focused and lose interest. All children need to relax after a long day and most choose television, video games, and internet. None of which stimulate the brain like playing music. Learning never stops when studying music. As a child progresses the music becomes more difficult, constantly presenting a mental challenge (Caren-Jolkovsky). Music helps a child express themselves. According to Michael Jolkovsky, a psychologist who specializes in musicians,† it gives pleasures and nuances of motional life for which there are no words†. Children learn to get past their apprehension and take chances through music performance. A child must take chances in order to grow. Music boosts mental health and can keep children out of trouble later in life (Phillips). Music is a major part of our society and should be part of every child’s education. By introducing your child to music lessons, they will learn to develop skills that could help them easily learn new imagination and shape their own individuality through music. A sense of respect for all art forms is gained. Students who are involved in music score higher on SAT and are more interested in pursuing college education (Phillips). This could be attributed to the skills it teaches such as concentration, discipline, cooperation, and setting goals. All of which are needed to succeed in the real world. A child’s educational production is lifted when a parent takes an active role in their child’s education. â€Å"Chinese parents spend approximately 10 times as long every day drilling academic activities with their children†(Chua pg. 54). The more inv olved a parent is it will have a greater effect on the child’s schooling. Parents should be encouraged to read with their children on a daily basis. They should also talk about the reading. Lots of challenging questions should be asked that will make a child expand thoughts on what was read (Chin). Children of parents who take the time to sit down and read with them read much better than those who don’t. A child that has had much practice at home will have the self-esteem needed to read and volunteer willingly in class. Motivation is the key here. Motivated children choose more difficult tasks, they will begin them without a need for a push from parents, make a better ttempt and pay better attention. Leading to improved behavior towards education and a greater likeliness of academic success (Seven). Helping kids with homework is very important. Your child needs an area with good lighting to do homework and study. All tools should be made available. This area should not have any distractions such as television, music and games (Seven-3). Parents should check homework daily and make sure it is correct by going over answers with child. When a child is struggling in certain areas of the homework the teacher should be notified of problem areas (Chen). Parental involvement has a big impact on a child’s classroom behavior. A child who knows that the parent and teacher are in constant contact will be less likely to act out in class and complete assignments. Parents who push the value of education and make it fun will effect a child’s feelings towards school. â€Å"Parents need to foster the idea that learning is fun† (Chua pg. 53). A child raised to think this way will enjoy education and become a leader in class. It is important that a parent stay involved from preschool to high school. No matter how old a child is parental involvement has a strong impact. Most parents are involved a lot during elementary, but toward middle and high school they involve themselves less. It is important a parent is involved during later years (Chen). High school students are less likely to drop out and more likely to attend college when a parent encourages academic success. â€Å"Academic achievement reflects successful parenting† (Chua pg. 53). A college degree is very important in todays society and it is the parents’ Job to help their child understand this importance. Setting high expectations for your children is the key to academic success. If a child is a â€Å"c† student, they should be ncouraged to get a’s and b’s. Teaching kids not to settle for anything less than the best is essential in setting high expectations. High achievement always takes place in the framework of high expectation† Charles F. Kettering. A child should be sat down and told what is expected of them. Future goals should be talked about in depth. The goals intended should be fair and easy to understand. Childre n should understand that they are going to be responsible for their success and failure. The will pay off with good grades and be rewarded. Children should know to act civilized at all times while in school. Horseplay and be class clown are not acceptable behaviors. They are in school to learn and should respect teachers and fellow students. Participation is a requirement and teachers should be asked about the student’s classroom conduct and involvement (Expectations). When children do not meet expected goals punishment should be given. T. V, video games and time with friends should be taken away. This should help a child get back on the right track and stay focused on what is really important. Children always need encouragement to strive for the best. Your child should understand from an early age that attending ollege is a main goal and they are expected and encouraged to seek higher education and do well. High expectations are the key to Amy Chua’s daughter’s academic successes. Chua’s daughters were never allowed to get any grade less than an â€Å"A†. Anything less than an â€Å"A† or no. 1 position lead to excessive drilling until grades were improved or number one position was held again. She demanded perfection and wouldn’t allow her daughters to settle for anything less. â€Å"Chinese parents demand perfect grades because they believe their child can get them† (Chua pg. 55). Chinese parents have 100% percent confidence in their child’s own ability to e perfect in all academics. When the goal is not met, Chinese parents believe their children are not applying themselves to their full potential. Where-as a western parent would think the subjects being studied are too hard. Showing little confidence in their child’s ability, which is not good for the child’s self-esteem. By showing and telling kids they are capable of tasks put before them. By setting the bar high a child will l earn to reach for their goals and succeed all around. With more people in the U. S. the number of children increasing, and more Jobs requiring degrees, academic uccess is very important in todays society. It leads children down a positive path, and creates a bright future. But without the parent their pushing the child toward academic achievement, life can be a struggle. I believe musical arts will give a child a mental step ahead of their peers. Also strong parental guidance is necessary to keep the child focused on academics, and setting high expectations help children reach their life goals. Works Cited â€Å"American Music Institute† Benefits of Music. 2012. Web. Feb 15, 2013 Campbell, Kim â€Å"Expectations: Do You Have Them? Do Students Get Them† NASSP Apr 2012. web. Feb 24 2013 Caren, Sarah â€Å"10 Ways Music Benefits Children† She Knows Parenting March 23, 2010. web. Feb 15, 2013. Chen, Grace â€Å"10 Ways Parental Involvement Improves School Performan ce† Public school Review. NOV 29, 2012. web. Feb 18, 2013 Chen, Grace â€Å"Parental involvement is Key to Academic Success† Public School Review Mar 25, 2008. web. Feb 18, 2013 Chua, Amy â€Å"Why Chinese Mothers are Superior† Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother. 2011. The Blair Reader. Print Koklanaris, Maria â€Å"Seven Proven Ways to Motivate Children to do Better in School† Phillips, Carolyn â€Å"12 Benefits of Music Education† Children’s Music Workshop 2012. web. Feb 15, 2013 We will write a custom essay sample on How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on How to Raise an academically Successful child Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Free Essays on Deciding The Right Of Individual Determination

Deciding the Right of Individual Determination In the essays â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† and â€Å"Moral Dilemma†, the authors discuss the problems medicine present us by having the capacity to extend life far beyond its natural course. Defining life as individuals having the opportunity to make meaning out of their existence raises immediate problems. At what point does an individual lose the opportunity to act on their desires? Who decides when an individual no longer has the opportunity for autonomy and bodily integrity, each individual, the government, or the medical community? In describing situations in which the right of individual determination is questioned, the authors lean toward the position that individuals should determine the best course of action for themselves. In â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† Lawrence J. Schneiderman discusses how physicians face the ethical dilemma of being committed to preserving life at all costs. As a medical ethicist, Schneiderman plays the Devil’s Advocate to his physicians (Para 4). He appeals to their compassionate side by asking who has thought of â€Å"alleviating the suffering of patients with death?† and in the same breath claiming, he can offer no legal immunity. This comment gives a glimpse of Schneiderman’s opposition of outsiders determining the rights of individuals. Schneiderman take a less subtle stance by equating euthanasia with the negative Nazi connotation. He explains the horrors committed to the Jews as debasing death questioning if American physicians are any different for the atrocities they have committed (Para 6-7). He doubts the ability of the law taking each case independently making the criteria for ending someone’s life subject to a checklist. The euthanasia debate is complicated because it is based on abstractions. Schneiderman uses the word â€Å"community† equating it with human feeling and â€Å"state† with totalitarianism equating politics (Para 17). Sch... Free Essays on Deciding The Right Of Individual Determination Free Essays on Deciding The Right Of Individual Determination Deciding the Right of Individual Determination In the essays â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† and â€Å"Moral Dilemma†, the authors discuss the problems medicine present us by having the capacity to extend life far beyond its natural course. Defining life as individuals having the opportunity to make meaning out of their existence raises immediate problems. At what point does an individual lose the opportunity to act on their desires? Who decides when an individual no longer has the opportunity for autonomy and bodily integrity, each individual, the government, or the medical community? In describing situations in which the right of individual determination is questioned, the authors lean toward the position that individuals should determine the best course of action for themselves. In â€Å"The Ethics of Euthanasia† Lawrence J. Schneiderman discusses how physicians face the ethical dilemma of being committed to preserving life at all costs. As a medical ethicist, Schneiderman plays the Devil’s Advocate to his physicians (Para 4). He appeals to their compassionate side by asking who has thought of â€Å"alleviating the suffering of patients with death?† and in the same breath claiming, he can offer no legal immunity. This comment gives a glimpse of Schneiderman’s opposition of outsiders determining the rights of individuals. Schneiderman take a less subtle stance by equating euthanasia with the negative Nazi connotation. He explains the horrors committed to the Jews as debasing death questioning if American physicians are any different for the atrocities they have committed (Para 6-7). He doubts the ability of the law taking each case independently making the criteria for ending someone’s life subject to a checklist. The euthanasia debate is complicated because it is based on abstractions. Schneiderman uses the word â€Å"community† equating it with human feeling and â€Å"state† with totalitarianism equating politics (Para 17). Sch...

Analyze the two movies and their themes, compare and contrast the Essay

Analyze the two movies and their themes, compare and contrast the themes and relate it to china and establish the time period and the social and political context through Ebrey - Essay Example In this way, the director depicts how educational reforms in China were taking place. It also highlights the economic disparity that existed between the urban and rural people. Because the film is produced with every day actors, people can better feel, understand and relate to the film since it catered on a few pressing issues of China at that time. This also included a bureaucratic culture. The main motive behind producing this film is to highlight the difficulties faced by the rural people in gaining education. There are many people in China who are forced to leave schools at the hands of poverty and through donations only a few of them get a chance to return back. It also poses criticism to the everyday hurdles that an ordinary Chinese has to face because of the strict bureaucratic culture. There was a deep meaning behind the production of this movie. As soon as China entered into the 1990s, more emphasis was placed on the basic and primary education for children. Many people in China (approximately 160 million) could not acquire proper primary education because of the Cultural Revolution occurring from 1960s-1970s. After that, education was made mandatory for a period of nine years on all the citizens of China. In 1966, the Cultural Revolution actually started. It was started when many bourgeois elements started entering China with the intention of restoring capitalism. In order to stop this from happening, the Cultural Revolution came into action. This documentary thus has a historical context and explains to its viewers the importance of easy and fair education for all Chinese as they have already struggled a lot during the Cultural Revolution. The Cultural Revolution was believed to be ended by 1969. One of the major problems that faced China was that a majority of rural school children left school only because they wanted to start working. Dealing with the huge distinction between the quality and education levels of

Working in a Health and Wellness Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Working in a Health and Wellness Company - Essay Example Problems such as obesity can be attributed to the element of poor diet where individuals consume more of a particular type of food that is mostly rich in fats. Therefore, I would advise the clients on the proper measures they can take in order to overcome this problem. As a consultant, I would also facilitate in updating membership information as well as receiving payments for various services from the members of the club.  Apart from advising the clients about the measures they can take in order to improve their health, our company also specialized in offering training sessions to the clients so that they can improve their wellness. Our company has specially designed facilities that are meant for training and development in a bid to improve the physical fitness of the clients. The company has a gymnasium that is equipped with state-of-the-art equipment that can be used by the clients for all their requirements in carrying out physical exercises. The company also has sporting groun ds where the clients can engage in sporting activities such as cycling, athletics, soccer, and basketball. Our company has a strong orientation towards sporting activities since we believe that it is very important in the health and welfare of the people. The company encourages members to form teams and it often sponsors tournaments as a way of motivating the targeted people to take an active role in the sport.  The company also offers herbal solutions that can be used to improve the health and wellness of different people. One important aspect of the company is that it specializes in using natural solutions to address the health concerns of the people. The company has a staff complement of about 30 employees and it operates three branches in the Kent area. The company has a competitive advantage in that it offers unique products that are not matched by the other products and services offered by other companies.

Analysis of Eco-Friendly Bricks

Analysis of Eco-Friendly Bricks SMART MATERIAL IN CONSTRUCTION: DEFINITION : Smart materials are reactive materials. Their properties can be changed by exposure to stimuli, such as electric and magnetic fields, stress, moisture and temperature.(BBC UK) The smart material can of Wood Metal Ceramics Polymers Metals etc In construction these sort of materials are used to achieve the desired strength, they should be economical and prove beneficial to the environment and to the stakeholders. A large number of innovations are seen in this modern world e.g. self healing concrete ,green cement ,carbon neutral cements etc. The materials , which have been recently invented by two MIT students and Professor Carmen Trudall are eco blac brick and Breathe bricks respectively. The detailed analysis of such an inventions are discussed below ECO FRIENDLY BRICKs: INTRODUCTION : Brick is mostly considered as a major component of a building. It is found generally in a rectangular shape with different dimensions. They are famous for their strength at low cost. These bricks when introduced to high temperature during their manufacturing. These kilns are mainly operated by coal and diesel resulting in harmful waste affecting both the environment and the people working in these kilns. NEED OF ECO FRIENDLY BRICKS: Currently the modern world is facing some serious environmental issues , which is resulting in global warming . the fuel used for these kilns are the major contributors to the pollution and the environment is exposed directly to them. In todays day ,the think tanks of the industry and the environmental agencies are trying to make building more greener and at least carbon neutral. Moreover, recently a Chinese artist made a brick from the pollutants entrapped in the air. This shocked the whole country and then the authorities came into action and started to take the environmental issues seriously. For the purposes mentioned above ,it is important to use these sort of bricks to make the environment more greener. ECO BLAC BRICK: The idea of these bricks was first introduced by the students of MIT with the aim that how to manufacture bricks without using kilns. Fig :showing a typical blac brick These bricks are mainly made from boiler ash. Boiler ash is an ash produced by the burning of various materials, mainly paper ,wood etc in the factories or anywhere else. Boiler ash is mainly dumped in the land ,resulting in clogging . The boiler ash is combined with the alkali activation technology .This technology utilizes the boiler ash as an alumino-silicate,fusing it with an alkaline activator solution. When they are combined, the ash dissolves, followed by the construction of a geo-polymer gel, a solid 3D network that gives the bricks strength and durability. This solution reuses industrial waste (70% in the current model) rather than topsoil, and is low-cost and low energy. By using a chemical reaction rather than firing, the bricks gain strength at ambient temperatures, not requiring the massive consumption of coal (roughly 24 million tons annually) in traditional clay-fired brick production. This process also produces no emissions, unlike the traditional kiln technology, which produces carbon dioxide (roughly 76 million tons CO2/ year), carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, black carbon, and particulate matter.(arch daily) These bricks when subjected to different test , had more durability, showed more water resistance and had more compressive strength then the normal clay brick. SALIENT FEATURES: Some features of these bricks are: better for human health than an ordinary brick. better for the environment . better in resource . Less CO2 emissions. Waste consumption. BREATHE BRICKS: Breathe bricks are invented by a Carmen Trudell, an assistant professor at Cal Poly San Luis Obispos school of architecture . Fig :showing a breathe brick Fig showing Breathe brick section The Breathe Brick is designed on an idea to form a part of a buildings regular ventilation system, with a double-layered facade ,exterior of the building is made of these special bricks , accompanied by a standard internal layer providing insulation. At the mid , the breathe bricks function is cyclone filtration, an idea inspired from modern vacuum cleaners, which separates out the heavy pollutant particles from the air and drops them into a removable hopper at the base of the wall. Fig showing : structural gravity and lateral loading system of a breathe brick The system is composed of two key parts: concrete bricks, and a recycled plastic coupler, which both helps to align bricks and creates a route from the outside into the bricks hollow centre. The concrete bricks themselves feature a faceted surface which helps to direct airflow into the system, and a separate cavity for inserting steel structure. The Breathe Brick can perform multiple functions i.e. mechanical and passive ventilation systems, as the brick simply transports strained air into the walls general assembly, this air can then be sent to the buildings interior through mechanical equipment or through filter vents driven by passive systems such as stack ventilation In wind tunnel tests, the system was found more efficient filtering 30% of fine particles (such as airborne pollutants) and 100% of coarse particles such as dust. As the entire system is relatively inexpensive, the Trudell posits the Breathe Brick as a way to lower pollution levels in developing countries, where rapid expansion of industry and less stringent environmental regulations often cause problems. ADVANTAGES OF ECOFRIENDLY BRICKS: Cost efficient High strength Water resistant Eco friendly Carbon neutral Top soil preserved Low amount of mortar used Less labour affected No use of kilns No use of fuels Helping agriculture Conclusion: To conclude, the bricks made of clay has strength but are major contributors to the pollution as on other hand the eco bricks which are made from wastes is useful for the environment as well as the people. With equivalent stent as the ordinary bricks these brisk can take over the future and has the ability to replace these bricks in the near future. REFERENCING https://www.google.co.uk/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instantion=1espv=2ie=UTF-8

How Did Climate Serve as a Trigger Event for the Bangladeshi Liberation

Climate issues have come to the forefront of popular culture and is a hot topic in the arena of politics and beyond. More recently numerous academics have started to research how not only global warming, but climate can increase the risk of civil war or ignite armed conflict. One of the most introductory article on the subject is written by Marshall Burke and discusses how climate has increased the risk of civil war in Africa. One of the conclusions Burke and his colleagues draw from their quantitative research is that not only can climate trigger civil conflict but also â€Å"that climate change will worsen instability in already volatile regions† (Burke, p.1). Moreover, during the time of the Bangladeshi Liberation War that was the case. Bangladesh, at the time referred to as East Pakistan was in a tumultuous state and a breeding ground for conflict. However, it wasn’t until the 1970 Bhola cyclone that devastated the area that the East Pakistani’s decided to move forward in their secession from West Pakistan, which led to the Bangladeshi Liberation War. This paper will be divided into four sections. The first section will set the theoretical foundation for how climate can cause conflict. The second section will identify and analyze the different conflict factors that were present in East Pakistan and were amplified/affected by the cyclone. The third section will examine the extent and damage caused by the cyclone, focusing on numbers and logistics. The last section will take the information that had been presented previously and create the links between it and how it relates to argument of the Bhola cyclone triggering the lib eration war. There has not yet been a tremendous amount of research done on how exactly climate can trigg... ... 132- 144. Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Apr. 2012. Nanda, Ved. "Self-Determination in International Law: The Tragic Tale of Two Cities--Islamabad (West Pakistan) and Dacca (East Pakistan)." American Journal of International Law. 66.2 (1972): 321-336. Academic Search Premier. Web. 9 Apr. 2012. Sappenfield, Mark. "CLIMATE MAY HEAT CONFLICT, TOO." Christian Science Monitor 06 Dec. 2007: 13+. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. Schanberg, Sydney. "Pakistan Divided." Foreign Affairs. (1971): 125-135. Academic Search Premier. Web. 10 Apr. 2012. Schanberg, Sydney. "Yahya Concedes 'Slips' In Relief. "New York Times [New York] 22 NOV 1970, 10. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Staff Writer, . "East Pakistani Leaders Assail Yahya on Cyclone Relief." New York Times [New York] 23 NOV 1970, 5. Academic Search Premier. Web. 5 Apr. 2012.

Designing Activity Systems Research Essay

The greatest challenge facing an Activity-Theory-based approached to researching interconnected networks and activity systems is the tension between the necessarily holistic view of â€Å"better contextuality† suggested by Kuuti, and the need for an appropriate level of analytic abstraction and â€Å"generalizable† research results required for the research to have utility across disciplines (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 22; Nardi, 1996, p. 70). This tension can be partially mitigated by focusing simultaneously on object/motive-oriented research of individuals and on community-object-oriented research of larger subject communities. Thus in a research setting, the object, activity, and operation levels of each individual subject would be documented, both as subjectively articulated in interviews, and as prescribed in that individual’s task description. The overarching community object, activity, and operation levels of the various interacting subject communities would also be documented, in terms of a written prospectus of the group’s initial goals and any obtainable data regarding any sub-group’s particular objects, either explicitly or implicitly stated. Because of the magnitude of data likely resulting from such research techniques, trends from the collected data are probably best analyzed through statistics-based computer modeling. Any truly contextual understanding of activity systems requires researchers to pay close attention in particular to what Kuuti calls action-operation dynamics, noting when and how, for individual subjects, the orientation phase of a given action has passed and the action has been internalized as operation (as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 31). This phenomenon could be identified in a number of ways. For instance, when individuals begin to elide unnecessary orientation-phase-steps in a process, or when they have re-articulated their objects to indicate a broadening of scope, it is likely because they have moved beyond the orientation phase for a given action and internalized it as operation. Research into interrelated activity systems and networks also requires a nuanced understanding of how community subjects interact, both which each other and with individual subjects. Documenting these interactions through research would require a thorough enumeration of how both formal and informal subject groups affect one another, and the specific â€Å"contradictions† that they exhibit through their objects (Kutti as cited in Nardi, 1996, p. 34). For example, to fully define and therefore research the activity of a software company working on a new database platform, researchers would need to understand the myriad goals of each sub-group and engineer within the company, as well as the company’s larger goals, and the intentions of competing companies. This would require ongoing observation and interview data, and given the vast amounts of data likely to be mined in this process, a computer-based, statistical approach would likely be most effective. Situated Action vs. Activity Theory Because Situated Action Models explicitly reject an intention or goal-based definition of action, they do not lend themselves well to analytical abstraction. Each model being â€Å"inextricably embedded in a particular situation,† no two models are likely to offer enough commonality to allow comparison across situations, let alone across disciplines (Nardi, 1996, p. 1). Activity Theory, by contrast, offers its fundamental tenet as its organizing schema: consciousness and intent are the defining the elements of all activity (Nardi, 1996, p. 11). This perspective has several benefits. First, since Situated Action refuses to consider a subject’s intent in its analysis, â€Å"the activity can only be known as it plays out in situ† (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This means that Situated Action researchers must posit their own interpretation of a subject’s actions, and ignore the subject’s stated intention. Such â€Å"constructed rationalizations† are more the province of speculative psychology than observational science (Nardi, 1996, p. 82). This view appears even more absurd in light of the fact that Situated Action offers no explanation as to why, despite its guiding premise, human subjects invariably do explain their actions through their intentions, and often â€Å"demand or believe† such explanations from others (Nardi, 1996, p. 81). Second, Activity Theory, by starting from the premise that intention and consciousness are fundamental elements in the definition of action, immediately offers a means of demarcating and understanding activity that Situated Action Models lack (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). As Nardi points out, two subjects in identical environments may display disparate actions that can only be parsed in light of each subject’s intent or object (Nardi, 1996, p. 83). Using the â€Å"object† as the organizing rinciple further allows Activity Theory to maintain a consistent analytical schema across disciplines and at varying levels of generality. For instance, both individual subjects and subject communities can be parsed according to the subject/object and object/action/operation paradigm. Lastly, Activity Theory allows research to continue over a â€Å"longer time horizon† because, while the situations examined in Situated Action Models tend to be quite ephemeral, the objects of Activity Theory may persist for months or years (Nardi, 1996, p. 3). This allows research of a given subject to proceed cumulatively, and not be wasted as soon as a given situation expires. It further allows researchers to focus on a higher level of abstraction, recurrence, and commonality than Situated Action Models, and to avoid the â€Å"claustrophobic thicket of descriptive detail† that becomes necessary when disregarding intentionality (Nardi, 1996, p. 92).